Use of air-cooled blast furnace slag in cement production – a contribution to the reduction of CO₂ emissions
1
Smart Minerals GmbH, Austria
2
voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria
Submission date: 2024-10-21
Final revision date: 2024-12-18
Acceptance date: 2025-04-07
Publication date: 2025-04-07
Cement Wapno Beton 29(5) 394-408 (2024)
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Using substitute raw materials alongside the traditionally used limestone, clay, and marl to produce Portland cement clinker saves natural resources and achieves the recycling of waste in a new value-added process. Additionally, certain substitute raw materials also have the great advantage that they release no or very little CO2 during the burning process. This represents a significant contribution to achieving climate neutrality.
The aim of this research project was to evaluate the recyclability of air-cooled blast furnace slag [ACBFS] as a substitute raw material in the clinker burning process of cement production. Over a course of several weeks, air-cooled blast furnace slag was added in varying quantities to the raw materials for clinker production in an Austrian cement plant. After assessing the influence on grindability and grinding energy consumption, the produced cements underwent a series of mortar and concrete tests, including the determination of solidification times, water requirement, fresh concrete parameters, compressive strength, and carbonation resistance. The results obtained allow for a better understanding of the basic usefulness of waste slag in cement production technology and the amount of slag that can be added without losing the quality of cement.
REFERENCES (20)
1.
W. Kurdowski, Cement and Concrete Chemistry, Springer, Dordrecht, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94....
2.
F.M. Lea, P.C. Hewlett, Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, 4th edition, Elsevier-Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam London Paris, 2004.
3.
M.B. Ali, R. Saidur, M.S. Hossain, A review on emission analysis in cement industries. Renew. Sust. Ener. Rev. 15(5), 2252-2261 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser....
4.
G.U. Ryu, H.J. Kim, H.J. Yu, S. Pyo, Utilization of steelmaking slag in cement clinker production: A review. J. CO2 Util. 84, 102842 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou....
5.
J. Shi, J. Tan, B. Liu, J. Chen, J. Dai, Z. He, Experimental study on full-volume slag alkali-activated mortars: Air-cooled blast furnace slag versus machine-made sand as fine aggregates. J. Hazard. Mater. 403, 123983 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz....
6.
Q. Cao, U. Nawaz, X. Jiang, L. Zhang, W.S. Ansari, Effect of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregate on mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete. Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 16, e01027 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm....
7.
P.R. De Matos, J.C.P. Oliveira, T.M. Medina, D.C. Magalhães, P.J.P. Gleize, R.A. Schankoski, R. Pilar, Use of air-cooled blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material for self-compacting concrete production. Constr. Build. Mater. 262, 120102 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb....
8.
K.P. Verian, A. Behnood, Effects of deicers on the performance of concrete pavements containing air-cooled blast furnace slag and supplementary cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Comp. 90, 27-41 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemc....
9.
F. Bullerjahn, G. Bolte, Composition of the reactivity of engineered slags from bauxite residue and steel slag smelting and use as SCM for Portland cement. Constr. Build. Mater. 321, 126331 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb....
10.
S.K. Tripathy, J. Dasu, Y.R. Murthy, G. Kapure, A.R. Pal, L.O. Filippov, Utilisation perspective on water quenched and air-cooled blast furnace slags. J. Clean. Prod. 262, 121354 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
11.
ÖNORM EN 197-1: Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2011).
12.
ÖNORM EN 196-1: Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2016).
13.
ÖNORM EN 196-6: Methods of testing cement - Part 6: Determination of fineness. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2019).
14.
ÖNORM EN 196-3: Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2017).
15.
ÖNORM EN 12390 12: Testing hardened concrete - Part 12: Determination of the carbonation resistance of concrete - Accelerated carbonation method. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2020).
16.
ÖNORM B 3327-1: Cements according to ÖNORM EN 197-1 for special use - Part 1: Additional requirements. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2002).
17.
J. Bonzel, J. Dahms, Über den Wasseranspruch des Frischbetons. Betontechnische Berichte 78, 121-56 (1978).
18.
R. Springenschmid, Betontechnologie für die Praxis, 2. Auflage, Beuth, Berlin, 2018.
19.
ONR 23303: Test methods for concrete - National application of testing standards for concrete and its source materials. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2010).
20.
ÖNORM B 4710-1: Concrete - Specification, performance, production, use and conformity - Part 1: Rules for the implementation of ÖNORM EN 206 for normal and heavy concrete. Austrian Institute for Standardisation, Vienna (2018).
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| ISSN: | 1425-8129 |
Całkowita kwota działania: 101 900 PLN
Kwota dofinansowania z MNiE: 85 100 PLN
Celem działania jest podniesienie poziomu technicznego obsługi Autorów i usprawnienie przepływu artykułów w procesie redakcyjnym.
Działania mające realizować powyższy cel polegać będą na:
- wprowadzeniu systemu elektronicznego zarządzania zgłaszaniem, recenzowaniem i przetwarzaniem artykułów,
- zmiana dotychczasowej organizacji strony internetowej,
- integracja numerów DOI (przydzielanych obecnie publikowanym artykułom) z bazą CrossRef.
© 2006-2025 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
